[breaking] MAI-Image-2e (Azure Foundry) to be retired on 2026-08-15

Microsoft's MAI-Image-2e image model (Preview on Microsoft Foundry, version 2026-04-09) is scheduled for retirement on 2026-08-15, with MAI-Image-2.5-Flash named as the replacement, per the Foundry model retirement schedule. Effective: 2026-08-15. Migration target: microsoft/MAI-Image-2.5-Flash. Affected: microsoft/MAI-Image-2e. Severity: breaking. Verification: verified.